Genetic factors linked with diabetes mellitus

type of diabetes gene/molecule function effect of mutation MODY1
(maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 1) TCF14/HNF-4alpha hormone receptor reduces beta cells’ insulin response to glucose MODY2 GCK/glucokinase beta cell glucose sensor ” MODY3 TCF1/HNF-1alpha transcription factor ” diabetes and deafness /transfer RNA protein synthesis in mitochondria reduces insulin production insulin resistance /insulin receptor detects insulin and signals to cell insulin resistance IDDM1 HLA/immune response receptors T cell activation autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas IDDM2 insulin VNTR/ promoter for insulin gene affects transciption of insulin gene unknown

modified from Todd, 2021